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AO1 Select & apply a range
of linguistic methods, to communicate relevant knowledge using appropriate
terminology & coherent, accurate
written expression
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AO2 Demonstrate critical
understanding of a range of concepts and issues related to the construction
and analysis of meanings in spoken and written language, using knowledge of linguistic
approaches
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AO3 Analyse and evaluate the
influence of contextual factors on the production and
reception of spoken and
written language, showing knowledge of the key
constituents of language
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Lexis and Semantics:
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lexical fields
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colloquial choices
·
contractions
·
use of determiners
·
use of pronouns
·
hypernyms and hyponyms (A hyponym is a
word that describes things more specifically. Proper nouns are good examples
of hyponyms)
·
use of names
Grammar:
·
simple; compound complex; sentences
·
awareness of sentence functions
·
elliptical utterances (Elliptical utterances assume a context of meaning that is
largely closed to outsiders)
·
non-standard constructions / grammatical
omissions
·
formation of negatives;
·
use of determiners
·
formation of questions
·
use of morphemes (Unladylike – un, lady, like)
·
use of passive
·
use of present and past tense,
Phonology:
·
omission of certain sounds
·
consonant clusters etc
·
relationship between sound and meaning
Discourse:
·
turn-taking
·
questions
·
topic shifts
·
minimal responses
·
tag questions
Pragmatics:
·
Non-verbal communication and utterances
·
Use of humour
·
Deixis
·
References to books, tv etc
Language of the Caregiver:
·
Pronunciation
·
Pitch
·
Exaggeration
·
Simple lexis
·
Diminutives
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Concrete nouns
·
Simple constructions
·
Imperatives
·
Questions
·
Names instead of pronouns
·
repetition
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Stages of development :
·
Preverbal stage (pre-linguistic)
·
Holophrastic
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Two word
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Telegraphic
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Post-telegraphic
Reaserchers:
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Katherine Nelson – first 50 words
·
Jean Aitchison - lexical and semantic development
·
Roger Brown – two word phrases and meaning and
morphological development
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Bellugi – developing use of negatives and use
of pronouns
·
Berko – ‘wugs’ experiment – morphological
development
Phonological development and
research:
·
Phonological
errors
·
Alan Cruttenden (1974)
·
Berko and Brown (1960s) ‘fis’ experiment
Pragmatics / Functions of
language:
·
Halliday
·
Dore
·
Turn-taking Research eg peek-a-boo
Politeness / Face theories
Power theories
Gender theories
Child Directed Speech Theories
and Research :
·
Features of CDS
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Bruner – Language Acquisition Support System
CLA Theories:
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Chomsky LAD / virtuous errors / nativist
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Skinner – beviourism / positive reinforcement
/ negative reinforcement
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Piaget – Cognitive development
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Vygotsky – play and cognitive development
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Bruner – social interactionist
Other References:
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Genie
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Deaf children
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Who participates?
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How old are the participants?
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What is their gender?
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What is their relationship?
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Where are they? What is the setting?
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What are they doing?
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What is the purpose of their conversation?
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What are they talking about?
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What social and cultural references are there?
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Wednesday, 23 April 2014
CLA Revision
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